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VOC Opperhoofden in Japan
(詳細はDutch East India Company (''Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie'' or ''VOC'' in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Company") in Japan during the period of the Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Edo period.
''Opperhoofd'' is a Dutch word (plural ''opperhoofden'') which literally means 'supreme head()'. In its historical usage, the word is a gubernatorial title, comparable to the English chief factor, for the chief executive officer of a Dutch ''factory'' in the sense of trading post, as led by a factor, i.e. agent. The Japanese called the Dutch chief factors ''kapitan'' (from Portuguese ''capitão'').
The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602 by the States-General of the Netherlands to carry out colonial activities in Asia. The VOC enjoyed unique success in Japan, in part because of the ways in which the character and other qualities of its ''Opperhoofden'' were perceived to differ from other competitors.
==Trading posts or ''factories''==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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